Why are circuit breakers used in electrical systems?

Circuit breakers are essential components in electrical systems primarily because they serve the critical function of preventing overloading and short circuits. They act as automatic switches that can interrupt electrical flow when an irregular condition—such as excessive current (overload) or a fault (short circuit)—is detected. This protective mechanism helps to safeguard the wiring, appliances, and overall electrical infrastructure from damage or potential fire hazards that could arise from these unsafe conditions.

When the current exceeds predefined levels, the circuit breaker trips and cuts off the electricity supply, thereby reducing the risk of overheating or sparking that can lead to catastrophic failures. This ability to automatically disconnect the circuit provides both immediate protection and minimizes risk, making circuit breakers a fundamental element in maintaining safety and reliability in electrical systems.