What is the primary purpose of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary purpose of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage level of electrical power. Transformers operate by transferring electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are designed to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels according to the needs of the electrical distribution system.

In many scenarios, high voltages are needed for long-distance transmission of electrical power to minimize losses, while lower voltages are more suitable for residential use. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers ensure efficiency and safety in power distribution. This capability makes transformers critical components in the electrical grid, enabling the effective delivery of electricity to various consumers while maintaining the integrity of the system.