What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to change the voltage level of electric power. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) voltage levels, which is essential for the efficient transmission and distribution of electrical energy. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers help reduce power losses across long distances in transmission lines, making the overall system more efficient.

This capability is critical in power systems, where electrical energy generated at a power plant is often stepped up to a higher voltage for transmission. This high voltage minimizes losses due to resistance in transmission lines. When the electricity reaches its destination, transformers then step down the voltage to a safe level for consumer use. The ability to modify voltage levels without altering the frequency makes transformers vital components in electrical systems across various applications.