What is the function of a relay in electrical systems?

The function of a relay in electrical systems is to automatically open or close a circuit based on specific conditions. Relays are electromagnetic switches that use an electromechanical mechanism to control a larger electrical load. When a low voltage or low current is applied to the relay's coil, it creates a magnetic field that actuates the switch and alters the circuit. This allows relays to control high-powered devices safely and automatically, enabling applications such as timers, alarms, and various automated systems.

In various scenarios, relays enhance system performance by allowing for remote control and automation, ensuring that circuits respond appropriately to different conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or electrical overloads.