What is a primary function of capacitors in electrical systems?

The primary function of capacitors in electrical systems is to improve power factor and supply leading current. Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field, which allows them to release it back into the circuit when needed. This capability is particularly significant in alternating current (AC) systems, where the power factor (the ratio of real power to apparent power) can be improved by adding capacitive reactance.

By supplying leading current, capacitors help counteract the lagging current produced by inductive loads, such as motors and transformers. This leads to a more efficient system, reduces energy losses, and can help maintain voltage levels within acceptable limits. Thus, utilizing capacitors to enhance power factor and provide leading current is essential for the optimal operation of electrical systems.