What does a transformer do?

Transformers play a crucial role in electrical systems by changing the voltage level in an electrical circuit. They operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage as needed for efficient power distribution.

When electricity is transmitted over long distances, it is generally at a higher voltage to minimize energy loss due to resistance in the wires. At the destination, transformers then reduce the voltage to a safer level suitable for use in homes and businesses. This ability to adjust voltage levels helps prevent electrical overloads and ensures compatibility with various devices, enabling efficient energy management across the grid.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of a transformer. For instance, while converting DC to AC is related to other devices such as inverters, it is not a function of transformers. Measuring electrical current is typically conducted using ammeters, not transformers. Lastly, while energy storage is a function associated with capacitors or batteries, transformers do not store energy but rather facilitate its transfer between different voltage levels.